History's 9 most insane rulers

Few mixtures are as toxic as absolute power and insanity. When nothing stands between a leader's delusional whims and seeing them carried out, all sorts of bizarre outcomes are possible. This book will look at the lives of the nine most mentally unbalanced figures in history. Some suffered from genetic disorders that led to schizophrenia, such as French King Charles VI, who thought he was made of glass. Others believed themselves to be God's representatives on earth and wrote religious writings that they guaranteed to the reader would get them into heaven, even if these leaders were barely literate. Whether it is Ottoman Sultan Ibrahim I practicing archery on palace servants or Turkmenistan president-for-life Akhbar Turkmenbashi renaming the days of the week after himself and constructing an 80-foot-tall golden statue that revolves to face the sun, crazed leaders have plagued society for millenia. There are many different types of insane leaders, and the figures examined in this book fall into two categories: The first type suffered from mental illness and psychological disorders. This includes such leaders as British King George III, who suffered from the hereditary blood disease porphyria (as did many other European monarchs, who were all related) and battled hallucinations and extreme paranoia; and Ibrahim I, the Ottoman Sultan whose decades-long imprisonment turned him into a sociopath who sent out his advisers to find the fattest woman in the empire for his wife. The second type suffered from self-inflicted madness by being intoxicated with power. They slid into a condition of megalomania and self-aggrandizement by being surrounded by sycophants who never questioned their decisions. This list is full of 20th century autocrats such as Albanian Head of State Enver Hoxha, who ruined the national currency by making it conform to his superstition with numbers. More famous is Turkmenbashi, who renamed constellations and days of the week after himself and his mother. While such stories are amusing, this book also contemplates the addictive nature of power and the effects it has on those who cling to it for too long. It explores how leaders can undertake the extraordinarily complicated job of leading a country without their full mental faculties and sometimes manage to be moderately successful. It examines why society tolerates their actions for so long and even attempts to put a facade of normalcy on rulers, despite everyone knowing that they are mentally unstable. The book also explores if insane rulers are a relic of the age of monarchs and will die out in the age of democracy, or if they will continue to plague nations in the twenty-first century. Finally, as many armchair psychologists question the mental health of Donald Trump and other populist politicians in the United States and Europe, all but diagnosing them with mental illness, this book sets to show that truly insane rulers are categorically different in the ways they endanger their population.